双反牵引复位结合PFNA治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的初步临床应用

目的探讨双反牵引技术辅助闭合复位PFNA内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果。 方法选取2015年5月至2017年5月在本院接受治疗的80例股骨粗隆间骨折患者为研究对象，其中失访者10例，根据复位方式的区别，将其分为双反牵引复位组与牵引床复位组。对比两组手术时间、术中出血量等各项指标间的差异。 结果70例患者术后获得随访，随访率87.5%，平均随访14个月。男性31例，女性39例，平均年龄（83.8±0.5）岁。双反牵引组患者手术时间、出血量及术中骨折复位时间、术中透视次数[（76±11）min，（80±90）ml，（12±3）min，（20±2）次]少于牵引床组[（85±13）min，（100±104）ml，（25±3）min，（25±3）次]，差异具有统计学意义（t=1.624，P=0.043；t=-1.773，P=0.037；t=1.362, P=0.041；t=-2.757，P=0.035），双反牵引复位组术后1、3个月患侧髋、膝功能评分明显优于牵引床复位组（P<0.05），术后6、12个月两组髋膝功能评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论双反牵引复位股骨粗隆间骨折操作简便，复位质量高，对周围组织血运保护好、时间短、康复快，近期疗效优。     

Risk factors for complications and in-hospital mortality: An analysis of 19,834 open pelvic ring fractures

BackgroundOpen pelvic fractures are rare injuries, associated with high patient morbidity and mortality. Few studies have investigated the impact of patient demographics, comorbidities, and injury related factors on complication and mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to: (1) identify the overall incidence of complications and mortality after open pelvic fractures, (2) compare patient factors between those who did and did not develop complications, (3) identify perioperative independent risk factors for complications and mortality.MethodsA query was performed for patients with open pelvic fractures between 2007 and 2017 using the American College of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank. Patient and injury specific variables were collected and complications were identified using International Classification of Disease Ninth and Tenth edition Codes. Patient demographic and perioperative data was compared using Fisher’s exact test and chi-square test for categorical variables, and Welch’s t-test for continuous variables. Using pooled data from multiple imputations, logistic regressions were used to calculate odds ratios and confidence intervals of independent risk factors for complications.ResultsA total of 19,834 open pelvic fracture cases were identified, with 9622 patients (48.5%) developing at least one complication. Patients who developed complications were older (35.0 vs 38.1 years), and had higher Injury Severity Scores (17.7 vs 26.5), lower Glasgow Coma Scores (14.2 vs 11.7), and a larger proportion presenting with hypotension (21% vs 6.9%). After pooled regression involving 19 factors, these were the strongest independent predictors of inpatient complication and mortality.ConclusionWe report a mortality rate of 14%, with an inclusive complication rate of 48.5%. Evaluating risk factors for morbidity and mortality for this devastating orthopaedic injury provides knowledge of an inherently sparse population.Level of EvidenceLevel II, Retrospective study.     

A meta-analysis of the secondary fractures for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures after percutaneous vertebroplasty

To identify the risk factors of the secondary fractures for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) after percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP).We conducted a search of relevant articles using Cochrane Library, PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Embase, the Web of Science and other databases. The time range we retrieved from establishment of the electronic database to November 2017. Gray studies were found in the references of included literature reports. STATA version 11.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, Texas) was used to analyze the pooled data.Fourteen studies involving 1910 patients, 395 of whom had fracture secondary to the surgery were included in this meta-analysis. The result of meta-analyses showed the risk factors of the secondary fractures for OVCFs after PVP was related to bone mineral density (BMD) [95%CI (−0.650, −0.164), SMD=−0.407, P=.001], cement leakage ((RR=0.596, 95%CI (0.444,0.798), P = .001)), and kyphosis after primary operation ((SMD=0.741, 95%CI (0.449,1.032), P = .000)), but not to gender, age, body mass index, cement volume, thoracolumbar spine, and cement injection approaches.Bone mineral density, cement leakage, and kyphosis after primary operation are the risk factors closely correlative to the secondary fracture after PVP. There have not been enough evidences to support the association between the secondary fracture and gender, age, body mass index, cement volume, thoracolumbar spine, and cement injection approaches.     

Clinical and radiological outcome after minimally invasive surgical approach for type II unstable odontoid fractures

IntroductionAnterior odontoid screw fixation is a valid surgical option for unstable odontoid fractures, as type II Anderson D’Alonzo fractures. Grauer further divided type II fractures in subtypes according to the fracture line, providing recommendations for implementation of screw fixation techniques.ObjectivePrimary endpoint of our study is to evaluate the postoperative results of minimally invasive odontoid screw insertion in terms of outcome, fusion rate and stability of cranio-cervical junction. Secondary endpoint was to investigate the influence of age or fractures’ features on outcome and fusion rate.Materials and methodsWe report the clinical and radiological features of 32 patients harbouring unstable type II fractures operated by a minimally invasive odontoid screw insertion technique. All patients underwent a high resolution multiplanar CT in order to assess fracture features according to Grauer's classification; the integrity of ligaments was investigated by MRI. In addition, a preoperative neurological performance (modified Rankin Scale, mRS) was evaluated for patients either directly or interviewing their families. Follow-up at one, three and six months and 1 year have been performed (averaging 13.5 months) by cervical CT (fusion rate and stability) and mRS update. In order to investigate the influence of age on postoperative neurological performance, two groups (≤ 50 yrs, 9 pts/ > 50 yrs, 23 pts) were separately considered and analysed. Overall, we observed no surgery related complications. We also analysed the fusion rate and its correlation with patient age and Grauer's subtype of fracture.ResultsAt last available clinical follow-up, the preoperative performance was preserved (mRS 0/1: 24, 75%; mRS 2–4: 9, 15%) although with slight reduction of intact patients (mRS 0: 22 vs. 19; 71.8 vs. 59.3%). Younger patients (≤ 50 yrs) fared significantly better than older ones, achieving a good clinical outcome (mRS 0/1) in 100% vs. 69.5% (9/9 vs. 16/23 pts). Statistical analysis showed a fair correlation between age and outcome. Other factors such as sex and Grauer's type did not influence significantly the clinical outcome. Nine patients did not complete a full radiological follow-up and were therefore excluded from analysis of radiological outcome. Among the remaining 23 patients, only 25% of those who were followed three months or less showed fusion; conversely, all patients who have been examined from 6 to 48 months fused. Among the non-union patients, two underwent a second surgery by posterior approach.ConclusionsIn our recent experience, the minimally invasive AOSF proved safe and effective in treating odontoid peg fractures. Selection based on Grauer's type is mandatory to achieve best results. While in the elderly, an anterior approach is well accepted as the first choice treatment, we recommend that this option should be offered as a suitable alternative to Halo or orthosis also in younger patients since it provides prompt, excellent clinical outcome and high fusion rate especially in this age group.     

Vertebral fractures following stereotactic body radiotherapy for spine metastases

Stereotactic body radiotherapy has emerged as one of the preferred treatments for patients with spine metastases, with the potential for long‐term control from lesion irradiation. Post‐treatment vertebral compression fractures are a known complication of this therapy, contributing to worsening pain and reduced quality of life, sometimes requiring surgical intervention. This review explores the current knowledge of post‐radiotherapy fractures, in terms of the rates and associated predictive factors. A search of databases including Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library was conducted using keywords such as ‘vertebral compression fracture’, ‘stereotactic body radiotherapy’ and ‘spine metastases’. The search was limited to published studies up to March 2019, reporting clinical outcomes including both the post‐treatment fracture rate and statistical identification of associated risk factors. Rates of post‐treatment fractures ranged from 4 to 39%. A variety of factors were found to increase the risk, including the appearance of lytic vertebral disease, degree of pre‐existing compression, spinal malalignment, increased dose per fraction and a Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score >6. This knowledge can enable clinicians to counsel patients when considering management options for spine metastases, maintaining the balance between local tumour control and the risk of subsequent fracture.     

Acute total hip arthroplasty for older patients with acetabular fractures: A meta-analysis

ObjectiveMultiple treatment options for acetabular fractures in geriatric patients exist. However, no large-scale studies have reported the outcomes of acute total hip arthroplasty (THA) in this patient population. We systematically evaluated all available evidence to characterize clinical outcomes, complications, and revisions of acute THA for acetabular fractures in geriatric patients.MethodsMeta-analysis of 21 studies of 430 acetabular fractures with mean follow-up of 44 months (range, 17−97 months). Two independent researchers searched and evaluated the databases of Ovid, Embase, and United States National Library of Medicine using a Boolean search string up to December 2019. Population demographics and complications, including presence of heterotopic ossification (HO), dislocation, infection, revision rate, neurological deficits, and venous thromboembolic event (VTE), were recorded and analyzed.ResultsWeighted mean Harris Hip Score was 83.3 points, and 20% of the patients had reported complications. The most common complication was HO, with a rate of 19.5%. Brooker grade III and IV HO rates were lower at 6.8%. Hip dislocation occurred at a rate of 6.1%, 4.1% of patients developed VTE, deep infection occurred in 3.8%, and neurological complications occurred in 1.9%. Although the revision rate was described in most studies, we were unable to perform a survival analysis because the time to each revision was described in only a few studies. The revision rate was 4.3%.ConclusionsAcute THA is a viable option for treatment of acetabular fracture and can result in acceptable clinical outcomes and survivorship rates in older patients but with an associated complication rate of approximately 20%. Considering the limited treatment options, THA might be a viable alternative for appropriately selected patients.     

以胸大肌肱骨止点确定肱骨假体高度的临床体会

目的探讨胸大肌肌腱肱骨止点(pectoralismajor tendon,PMT)上缘作为半肩置换术中假体高度定位参考的临床应用。方法2014年1月至2014年12月间行切开解剖复位钢板内固定的肱骨近端骨折病例12例,男4例,女8例;年龄56~72岁,平均(65.3±5.2)岁。测量PMT上缘到肱骨头最高点的平均距离为(5.21±0.42)cm。2015年1月至2018年12月的38例老年严重肱骨近端骨折行半肩置换的患者,参照PMT上缘到肱骨头最高点的距离5.2 cm确定肱骨假体高度,男7例,女31例;年龄60~82岁,平均(72.0±6.5)岁。术后3个月拍摄双侧肱骨全长X线片并测量长度,比较双侧差异是否有统计学意义。根据对侧肱骨长度(humeruslength,HL),采用HL×0.176计算PMT到肱骨头最高点距离,与(5.21±0.42)cm比较差异是否有统计学意义。结果所有患者均随访3个月,半肩置换侧肱骨全长与对侧肱骨全长分别为(32.41±2.47)cm、(31.93±2.82)cm,比较差异无统计学意义。根据对侧HL×0.176计算PMT到肱骨头最高点距离为(5.61±2.82)cm,与(5.21±0.42)cm比较差异无统计学意义。结论PMT可以作为肱骨假体高度的可靠参照,PMT上缘到肱骨头最高点距离为(5.21±0.42)cm,可以作为参考数值之一。     

Evaluation of the short-term results of closed reduction and percutaneous K-wires fixation of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACF)

PurposeOptimum management of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACF) still controversial. Open surgery carries the risk of wound complications, while non-operative management has a high incidence of arthrosis. To avoid these complications, minimally invasive and percutaneous fixation was introduced. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the short term clinical and radiological outcomes after closed reduction and percutaneous fixation of DIACF using K-wires.Patients and methodsOutcomes of twenty patients were evaluated at the final follow up. A functional assessment using the AOFAS scoring system. Radiological parameters recorded included three angles (Böhler’s, Gissane and posterior facet inclination angles) and three distances (calcaneal length, height and width). Any complications were reported at any follow-up.ResultsThe mean patient’s age was 33 ± 15.2 years, 8 (40%) patients with type II fractures, 10 (50%) patients with type III fractures, and 2 (10%) with type IV fracture according to Sanders classification. After a mean follow-up of 9 months, the mean AOFAS score was 84, excellent in 9 patients (45%), good in 9 (45%), and fair in 2 (10%). At the final follow-up the Böhler’s angle, Gissane angle and PFIA was 25.1° ± (5.2), 119.9° ± (9.4) and 51.7° ± (5.9) respectively and the calcaneal height, length and width was 41.8 mm ± (2.1), 75.1 mm ± (3.01) and 40.9 mm ± (2.6) respectively. We had no cases of deep infection, 20% had significant subtalar arthritis.ConclusionThe closed reduction and percutaneous fixation technique for DIACF management offered acceptable clinical and radiographic outcomes, with fewer complications when compared to other management options.     

临床护理路径对脑出血偏瘫患者康复效果的影响

目的 探究与分析临床护理路径对脑出血偏瘫患者康复效果的影响.方法 选取本院自2013年7月至2015年7月收治的90例脑出血偏瘫患者,按照就诊时间顺序分为常规护理组与临床护理路径组,每组45例.常规护理组给予基础护理对策,包括入院时宣教、介绍病情、观察病情变化等;临床护理路径组指派至少由1名护士长及3名以上护理人员建立临床护理路径小组,由护士长组织组内人员系统性的学习并加强脑出血偏瘫后康复护理的相关知识,根据每位患者的个体情况给予评估,并对每个阶段后的康复护理效果给予评价.对比两组患者康复护理效果、活动能力、肢体功能及负面情绪评分.结果 临床护理路径组的护理效果总有效率明显高于常规护理组,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组患者治疗后较治疗前相比Barthel评分及Harris评分均明显升高,临床护理路径组较常规护理组相比Barthel评分及Harris评分升高更加明显,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组患者治疗后较治疗前相比HAMA评分及HAMD评分评分均明显降低,临床护理路径组较常规护理组相比HAMA评分及HAMD评分降低更加明显,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 临床护理路径可有效提高脑出血偏瘫患者的护理效果,促进改善日常活动能力及肢体功能,降低负面情绪.